The United States is the only Western country, and one of three in the world, that does not require some kind of paid maternity leave for new mothers, said a new United Nations study released Tuesday.

Published by the International Labour Organization, an agency of the UN, the study—Maternity and Paternity at Work: Law and Practice Across the World (pdf)—surveys national law and practice on both maternity and paternity at work in 185 countries and territories.

“In order to have gender equality, you must have maternity protection.”
—Shauna Olney, chief of ILO Gender, Equality and Diversity Branch

Among the findings, the ILO reports that the U.S., Oman and Papua New Guinea are the only three countries that fail to provide any “cash benefits paid during maternity leave.”

According to maternity protection conventions adopted by the ILO, “the cash benefits paid during maternity leave should be at least two-thirds of a woman’s previous earnings (or a comparable amount if other methods are used to determine cash benefits) for a minimum of 14 weeks.”